¿ª¼¸¦ ³»¸é¼
º´Å»ý¸®ÇÐÀº ÁúȯÀÇ ÁÖµÈ ¹ß»ý¿øÀο¡¼ ÀÓ»óÁõ»ó ¹× °ü·Ã ÇÕº´Áõ¿¡ À̸£±â±îÁö ÁúȯÀÇ ¹ßº´±âÀü¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¿¬±¸ÇÏ´Â Çй®ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹ßº´±âÀü¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌÇØ·Î ÁúȯÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇÑ ¼Õ»ó ¹× Áõ»óÀ» ¿ÏȽÃÅ°°í ÀûÀýÇÑ Ä¡·á¸¦ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
'±×¸²À¸·Î ÀÌÇØÇÏ´Â º´Å»ý¸®ÇÐ'Àº º´Å»ý¸®ÇÐÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä Áö½Ä ¹× º´Å»ýÈÇÐÀÇ Ãø¸éÀ» ±×¸²À» ÅëÇØ ÀÌÇØÇϱ⠽±µµ·Ï Á¤¸®µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ÀÇÇÐ, °£È£ÇÐ, ¾àÇÐ, Ä¡ÀÇÇÐ ¹× º¸°Ç°ü·ÃÇаú Çлý»Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ÀÓ»óÀÇ»ç, °£È£»ç, ¾à»ç µî ÀÓ»óÀü¹®°¡µé¿¡°Ô º´Å»ý¸®ÇÐÀÇ ÀÌÇظ¦ µ½´Âµ¥ È°¿ëµÇ¾úÀ¸¸é ÇÏ´Â ¸¶À½À¸·Î Àϵ¶À» ±ÇÇÑ´Ù.
º»¼´Â ¼¼Æ÷±âÀü, ¼¼Æ÷ºÐÈ, ¼¼Æ÷»ç¸ê, Á¾¾çÁõ½Ä, ³ëÈ¿¡¼ ½ÃÀÛÇÏ¿© ü¿Â ¹× ¿¡³ÊÁö ºÒ±ÕÇü, Ç÷¾×, È£Èí°è ºñ´¢±â°è, ¼Òȱâ°è, ½ÉÀåÇ÷°ü°è, ³»ºÐºñ°è, ½Å°æ±ÙÀ°°è, °¨°¢°èÀÇ Áúȯ¿¡ À̸£±â±îÁö ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¿µ¿ªÀÇ ÁÖÁ¦¸¦ ´Ù·ç°í ÀÖ´Ù. ´õºÒ¾î °£·«ÇÑ »ý¸®ÇÐÀû ±âÃÊ Áö½Ä, ÁúȯÀÇ ¿øÀÎ, °æ·Î, Áõ»ó, ÇÕº´ÁõÀ» ¼¼úÇÏ°í ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù¸é Ä¡·áÀû ÁßÀçÀÇ °¡´É¼ºµµ ±â¼úÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
º»¼¸¦ ¹ø¿ªÇÔ¿¡ ÀÖ¾î º´Å»ý¸®ÇÐÀ» ±×¸²À» ÅëÇØ ÀÌÇØÇϱ⠽±°í ¾ËÂù ±³Àç·Î ¸¸µé°íÀÚ °ýÈ£ ¾È¿¡ ÀÇÇпë¾î¸¦ º´±âÇÏ¿© ÀÌÇظ¦ µ½°íÀÚ ³ë·ÂÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¹ø¿ªÀÛ¾÷À» ¸¶¹«¸® Çϸ鼵µ ±×°£ÀÇ ¿©Á¤¿¡¼ ¹ÌÈíÇÑ Á¡ ¶ÇÇÑ ¾øÁö ¾ÊÁö¸¸ ÀÌ Ã¥ÀÌ ÀÇÇаú º¸°ÇºÐ¾ß¸¦ Àü°øÇÏ´Â Àü¹®°¡ ¹× Çлý¿¡°Ô À¯¿ëÇÏ°Ô È°¿ëµÇ¾úÀ¸¸é ÇÑ´Ù. Àü¹®°¡µéÀÇ ¸¹Àº Á¶¾ð ¹× ÈÄ¿øÀ» ºÎŹµå¸®¸ç µÎ ¹ø° °³Á¤ÆÇÀ» Ãâ°£ÇÒ ¶§´Â ÀÌ¿¡ ÈûÀÔ¾î º¸´Ù ³ªÀº ³»¿ëÀ¸·Î ¸¸³ª ºË°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÓÀ» ±â´ëÇÑ´Ù.
³¡À¸·Î ÀÌ Ã¥ÀÇ Ãâ°£À» µµ¿ÍÁֽŠ¼¿ï¸Þµå-¸Þµð¾Æ ¹Ú¿ë¿ì »çÀå´Ô ¹× ÆíÁý¿¡ Èû½á ÁֽŠ°ü°èÀÚ ºÐ²² ±íÀº °¨»ç¸¦ µå¸°´Ù.
2013³â 7¿ù ¿ªÀÚÀϵ¿
-¸ñ Â÷-
1. °³¿ä(fundamentals).......2
1.1 ¼¼Æ÷¼ºÀå°ú ¼¼Æ÷ÀûÀÀ(cell growth and cell adaptation).......2 1.3 ¼¼Æ÷³» ½ÅÈ£Àü´Þü°èÀÇ ÀÌ»ó(abnormalities of intracellular signal transmission).......6 1.5 ½ÅÈ£Àü´Þ(signal transduction).......10 1.6 ¼¼Æ÷±«»ç(necrotic cell death).......12 1.7 ¼¼Æ÷ÀÚ¸ê»ç(¾ÆÆ÷ÇÁÅä½Ã½º, apoptotic cell death).......14 1.8 Á¾¾ç ¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ ¹ß´Þ(development of tumor cells).......16 1.9 Á¾¾çÀÇ ¿µÇâ(effects of tumors).......18 1.10 ³ëÈ¿Í ±â´ë¼ö¸í(aging and life expectancy).......20
2. ¿Âµµ(temperature), ¿¡³ÊÁö(energy)..........24
2.1 ¿(fever).......24 2.2 °í¿(hyperthermia), ¿ ¼Õ»ó(heat injuries).......26 2.3 Àúü¿ÂÁõ(hypothermia), ÇÑ·©¼Õ»ó(cold injury).......28 2.4 ºñ¸¸(obesity), ¼·½Ä Àå¾Ö(eating disorders).......30
3. Ç÷¾×(blood).......32
3.1 °³¿ä(overview).......32 3.2 ÀûÇ÷±¸(erythrocytes).......34 3.3 ÀûÇ÷±¸ ±³Ã¼: ÀÌ»ó, º¸»ó, ±×¸®°í Áø´Ü(erythrocyte turnover: abnormalities, compensation and diagnosis).......36 3.4 DNA ÇÕ¼º À̻󿡼 ±âÀÎÇÑ °Å´ëÀûÇ÷¸ð±¸ºóÇ÷(megaloblastic anemia due to abnormalities in DNA synthesis).......38 3.5 Çì¸ð±Û·Îºó ÇÕ¼º ÀÌ»óÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇÑ ºóÇ÷(anemias due to disorders of hemoglobin synthesis).......40 3.6 ö °áÇ̼º ºóÇ÷(iron deficiency anemia).......42 3.7 ¿ëÇ÷¼º ºóÇ÷(hemolytic anemias).......44 3.8 ¸é¿ª ¹æ¾î(immune defense).......46 3.11 ¿°Áõ(inflammation).......52 3.13 °ú¹Î¹æÀÀ(¾Ë·¹¸£±â)(hypersensitivity reactions(allergies)).......56 3.15 ÀÚ°¡¸é¿ª Áúȯ(autoimmune disease).......60 3.16¸é¿ª °áÇÔ(immune defects).......62 3.17 ÁöÇ÷°ú ÁöÇ÷ÀÌ»ó(hemostasis and its disorders).......64
4. È£Èí(respiration), »ê-¿°±â ±ÕÇü(acid-base balance).......70
4.1 °³¿ä(overview).......70 4.2 ȯ±â(ventilation), °ü·ù(perfusion).......72 4.3 È®»ê ÀÌ»ó(diffusion abnormalities).......74 4.4 ºÐÆ÷ ÀÌ»ó(distribution abnormalities).......76 4.5 ±¸¼Ó¼º ÆóÁúȯ(restrictive lung disease).......78 4.6 Æó¼â¼º ÆóÁúȯ(obstructive lung disease).......80 4.7 Æó ±âÁ¾(pulmonary emphysema).......82 4.8 Æó ºÎÁ¾(pulmonary edema).......84 4.9 È£ÈíÁ¶ÀýÀÇ º´¸®(pathophysiology of breathing requlation).......86 4.10 ±Þ¼º È£Èí°ï¶õ ÁõÈıº(acute respiratory distress syndrome).......88 4.11 Àú»ê¼ÒÁõ(hypoxia).......90 4.12 °í»ê¼ÒÇ÷Áõ(hyperoxia), »êÈÀû ½ºÆ®·¹½º(oxidative stress).......92 4.13 ¾ËÄ®¸®ÁõÀÇ ¹ß»ý(development of alkalosis).......94 4.14 »êÁõÀÇ ¹ß»ý(development of acidosis).......96 4.15 »êÁõ°ú ¾ËÄ®¸®ÁõÀÇ È¿°ú(effects of acidosis and alkalosis).......98
5. ½ÅÀå(kidney), ¿°ºÐ°ú ¼öºÐÀÇ ±ÕÇü(salt and water balance).......100
5.1 °³¿ä(overview)..100 5.2 ½ÅÀå ¹è¼³ÀÇ ÀÌ»ó(abnormalities of renal excretion).......102 5.3 ½ÅÀå À̵¿ °úÁ¤ÀÇ º´Å»ý¸®(pathophysiology of renal transport processes).......104 5.5 ¿ä³óµµÀÇ ÀÌ»ó(abnormalities of urinary concentration).......108 5.6 ´Ù³¶ ½ÅÀ庴(polycystic kidney disease).......110 5.7 »ç±¸Ã¼ ±â´É ÀÌ»ó(abnormalities of glomerular function).......112 5.8 »ç±¸Ã¼ ¼±ÅÃÅõ°ú¼º Àå¾Ö, ½ÅÁõÈıº(disorders of glomerular permselectivity, nephrotic syndrome).......114 5.9 °£Áú¼º ½ÅÀå¿°(interstitial nephritis).......116 5.10 ±Þ¼º½ÅºÎÀü(acute renal failure).......118 5.11 ¸¸¼º½ÅºÎÀü(chronic renal failure).......120 5.13 ½ÅÀ强 °íÇ÷¾Ð(renal hypertension).......124 5.14 ÀӽŠ½Ã ½ÅÀ庴(kidney disease in pregnancy).......126 5.15 °£½ÅÁõÈıº(hepatorenal syndrome).......128 5.16 ¿ä¼®Áõ(urolithiasis).......130 5.17 ¼öºÐ°ú ¿°ºÐ ºÒ±ÕÇü(disorders of water and salt balance).......132 5.18 Ä®·ýÀÇ ºÒ±ÕÇü(abnormalities of potassium balance).......134 5.19 ¸¶±×³×½·ÀÇ ºÒ±ÕÇü(abnormalities of magnesium balance).......136 5.20 Ä®½·ÀÇ ºÒ±ÕÇü(abnormalities of calcium balance).......138 5.21 Àλ꿰 ºÒ±ÕÇü(abnormalities of phosphate balance).......140 5.22 »ÀÀÇ º´Å»ý¸®ÇÐ(pathophysiology of bone).......142
6. À§(stomach), Àå(intestines), °£(liver).......146
6.1 À§Àå°ü(gastrointestinal tract)ÀÇ ±â´É.......146 6.2 ½Äµµ(esophagus).......148 6.4 ¿À½É°ú ±¸Åä(nausea and vomiting).......152 6.5 À§¿°, À§º´Áõ(gastritis, gastropathy).......154 6.6 ±Ë¾ç(ulcer).......156 6.8 À§ ¼ö¼ú ÈÄ Àå¾Ö(disorders after stomach surgery).......160 6.9 ¼³»ç(diarrhea).......162 6.10 ¼ÒȺҷ®°ú Èí¼öÀå¾Ö(maldigestion and malabsorption).......164 6.12 º¯ºñ¿Í (°¡¼º-) Æó¼â(constipation and (pseudo-) obstruction).......168 6.13 ¸¸¼º ¿°Áõ¼º ÀåÁúȯ(chronic inflammatory bower disease).......170 6.14 ±Þ¼ºÃéÀå¿°(acute pancreatitis).......172 6.15 ¸¸¼ºÃéÀå¿°(chronic pancreatities).......174 6.16 ³¶¼º¼¶À¯Áõ(cystic fibrosis).......176 6.17 ´ã¼®Áõ(gallstone disease, cholelithiasis).......178 6.19 Ȳ´Þ(jaundice, Icterus).......182 6.20 ¹®¸Æ °íÇ÷¾Ð(portal hypertension).......184 6.21 °£¼¶À¯Áõ°ú °£°æº¯(fibrosis and cirrhosis of the liver).......186 6.22 °£ºÎÀü(liver failure).......188
7. ½ÉÀå(heart)°ú ¼øȯ(circulation).......190
7.1 °³¿ä(overview).......190 7.2 ½ÉÀåÈ°µ¿ÀÇ ´Ü°è(½ÉÀå ÁÖ±â)(phases of cardiac action, cardiac cycle).......192 7.3 ½ÉÀå¿¡¼ ÈïºÐÀÇ ±â¿ø°ú ÀüÆÄ(origin and spread of excitation in the heart).......194 7.5 ½ÉÀüµµ(the electrocardiogram, ECG).......198 7.6 ½ÉÀå ¸®µëÀÇ ºñÁ¤»ó(abnormalities of cardiac rhythm).......200 7.11 ½Â¸ðÆÇÇùÂø(mitral stenosis).......208 7.12 ½Â¸ðÆÇ¿ª·ù(mitral regurgitation).......210 7.13 ´ëµ¿¸ÆÆǸ· ÇùÂø(aortic stenosis).......212 7.14 ´ëµ¿¸ÆÆÇ ¿ª·ù(aortic regurgitation).......214 7.15 »ï÷ÆÇ°ú Æóµ¿¸Æ ÆǸ·ÀÇ °áÇÔ(defects of the tricuspid and pulmonary valves).......216 7.17 µ¿¸Æ¾Ð°ú µ¿¸Æ¾Ð ÃøÁ¤(arterial blood pressure and its measurement).......220 7.18 °íÇ÷¾Ð(hypertension).......222 7.21 Æóµ¿¸Æ °íÇ÷¾Ð(pulmonary hypertension).......228 7.22 °ü»óµ¿¸Æ¼øȯ(coronary circulation).......230 7.23 °ü»óµ¿¸Æ½ÉÁúȯ(coronary heart disease).......232 7.24 ½É±Ù°æ»ö(myocardial infarction).......234 7.26 ½ÉºÎÀü(heart failumre).......238 7.29 ½É³¶Áúȯ(pericardial disease).......244 7.30 ¼øȯ¼îÅ©(circulatory shock).......246 7.32 ºÎÁ¾(edemas).......250 7.33 Á׻󵿸ưæÈÁõ(atherosclerosis).......252 7.35 ´ë»çÁõÈıº(metabolic syndrome).......256 7.36 ºñÁ×»ó°æȼº Ç÷°üÁúȯ(nonatherosclerotic vascular disease).......258
8. ´ë»ç(metabolism).......260
8.1 °³¿ä(overview).......260 8.2 ź¼öȹ° ´ë»ç Àå¾Ö(disorders of carbohydrate metabolism).......262 8.3 ÁöÁú´Ü¹éÁú ´ë»ç ÀÌ»ó(abnormalities of lipoprotein metabolism).......264 Åëdz(gout).......268 ö ´ë»ç, Ç÷»ö¼ÒħÂøÁõ(iron metabolism hemochromatosis).......270 ±¸¸® ´ë»ç(copper metabolism), Àª½¼º´(wilson's disease).......272 ÀÌ»ó´Ü¹éÇ÷Áõ(dysproteinemias).......274 Çð ÇÕ¼º, Æ÷¸£ÇǸ°Áõ(heme synthesis, porphyrias).......276
9. È£¸£¸ó(hormones).......278
9.1 È£¸£¸óÀÇ º´Å»ý¸®(general pathophysiology of hormones).......278 9.2 ³»ºÐºñ Á¶Àý ȸ·ÎÀÇ ÀÌ»ó(abnormalities of endocrinal regulatory circuit).......280 9.3 Ç×ÀÌ´¢È£¸£¸ó(antidiuretic hormone).......282 9.4 ¼ºÀåÈ£¸£¸ó(somatotropin).......284 9.5 ºÎ½ÅÇÇÁúÈ£¸£¸ó: Çü¼º½Ã È¿¼Ò °áÇÔ(adrenocortical hormones: enzyme defects in formation).......286 9.6 ºÎ½ÅÇÇÁúÈ£¸£¸ó: ºñÁ¤»óÀû ºÐºñÀÇ ¿øÀÎ(adrenocorticoid hormones: causes of abnormal release).......288 9.7 ºÎ½ÅÇÇÁúÈ£¸£¸ó °ú´Ù: Äí½Ìº´(excess adrenocorticoid hormones: cushing's disease).......290 9.8 ºÎ½ÅÇÇÁúÈ£¸£¸ó °áÇÌ: ¿¡µð½¼º´(deficiency of adrenocorticoid hormones: addison's disease).......292 9.9 ¾Èµå·Î°Õ °ú´Ù¿Í °áÇÌÀÇ ¿øÀΰú ¿µÇâ(cause and effects of androgen excess and deficiency).......294 9.10 ¿©¼ºÈ£¸£¸ó ºÐºñ(release of female sex hormones).......296 9.11 ¿©¼ºÈ£¸£¸óÀÇ È¿°ú(effects of female sex hormones).......298 9.12 ³²³àÇѸö(intersexuality).......300 9.13 °©»ó¼±±â´ÉÀúÇÏÁõ, °©»ó¼±±â´ÉÇ×ÁøÁõ, °©»ó¼±Á¾ÀÇ ¿øÀÎ(causes of hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and goiter)302 9.14 °©»ó¼±±â´ÉÇ×ÁøÁõÀÇ ¿µÇâ°ú Áõ»ó(effects and symptoms of hyperthyroidism).......204 9.15 °©»ó¼±±â´ÉÀúÇÏÁõÀÇ ¿µÇâ°ú Áõ»ó(effects and symptoms of hypothyroidism).......306 9.16 ´ç³ëº´ÀÇ ¿øÀÎ(causes of diabetes mellitus).......308 9.17 Àν¶¸° °áÇÌÀÇ ±Þ¼º ¿µÇâ(Áø¼º ´ç´¢º´)(acute effects of insulin deficiency(diabetes mellitus)).......310 9.18 Áö¿¬µÈ °íÇ÷´çÁõÀÇ ÇÕº´Áõ(´ç´¢Áõ)(late complications of prolonged hyperglycemia(diabetes mellitus)).......312 9.19 °íÀν¶¸°Áõ, ÀúÇ÷´çÁõ(hyperinsulinism, hypoglycemia).......314 9.20 È÷½ºÅ¸¹Î(histamine), ºê·¡µðÅ°´Ñ(bradykinin), ¼¼·ÎÅä´Ñ(serotonin).......316 9.21 ¾ÆÀÌÄÚ»ç³ëÀ̵å(eicosanoids).......318
10. ½Å°æ±ÙÀ°°è(neuromuscular) ¹× °¨°¢°è(sensory system).......320
10.1 °³¿ä(overview).......320 10.2 ½Å°æ¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ º´Å»ý¸®(pathophysiology of nerve cells).......322 10.3 Å»¼öÃÊ(demyelination).......324 10.4 ½Å°æ±Ù ½ÅÀü´ÞÀÇ Àå¾Ö(disorders of neuromuscular transmission).......326 10.5 ¿îµ¿´ÜÀ§¿Í ±ÙÀ°ÀÇ Áúȯdiseases of the motor unit and muscles).......328 10.6 ¿îµ¿´ÜÀ§ ÁúȯÀÇ Áø´Ü(diagnosis of motor unit diseases).......330 10.7 ÇÏÇà ¿îµ¿·ÎÀÇ ¼Õ»ó(lesions of the descending motor tracts).......332 10.8 ±âÀúÇÙÀÇ Áúȯ(diseases of the basal ganglia).......334 10.10 ¼Ò³úÀÇ ¼Õ»ó(lesions of the cerebellum).......338 10.11 °¨°¢°èÀÇ ÀÌ»ó(abnormalities of the sensory system).......340 10.12 ÅëÁõ(pain).......342 10.13 ¾È±¸ÀÇ ½Ã°¢ ±â°ü Áúȯ(diseases of the optical apparatus of the eye).......344 10.14 ¸Á¸·ÀÇ Áúȯ(diseases of the retina).......346 10.15 ½Ã°¢·Î¿Í ½Ã°¢Á¤º¸Ã³¸®(visual pathway and processing of visual information).......348 10.16 û°¢ Àå¾Ö(hearing impairment).......350 10.17 ÀüÁ¤°è, ¾È±¸ÁøÅÁÁõ(vestibular system, nystagmus).......352 10.18 ÀÚÀ²½Å°æ°è Àå¾Ö(disorders of the autonomic nervous system).......354 10.19 ½Ã»óÇϺÎÀÇ º´º¯(lesions of the hypothalamus).......356 10.20 ³úÆĵµ(Electroencephalogram, EEG).......358 10.21 °£Áú(epilepsy).......360 10.22 ¼ö¸éÀå¾Ö(sleep disordrs).......362 10.23 ÀǽÄ(consciousness).......364 10.24 ½Ç¾îÁõ(aphasias).......366 10.25 ±â¾ïÀå¾Ö(disorders of memory).......368 10.26 ¾ËÃ÷ÇÏÀ̸Ӻ´(Alzheimer's disease), Ä¡¸Å(dementia).......370 10.27 ¿ì¿ïÁõ(depression).......372 10.28 Á¤½ÅºÐ¿Áõ(schizophrenia).......374 10.29 ÀÇÁ¸¼º(dependence), Áßµ¶(addiction).......376 10.30 ³úô¼ö¾×(cerebrospinal fluid), Ç÷¾×-³ú À庮(blood-brain barrier).......378 10.31 ³úô¼ö¾×¾Ð(cerebrospinal fluid pressure), ³úºÎÁ¾(cerebral edema).......380 10.32 ³úÇ÷·ùÀÇ Àå¾Ö(disorders of cerebral blood flow), ³úÁ¹Áß(stroke).......382
Ãßõ ¹®Çå(further reading).......384
»öÀÎ(index).......386 |